A BRIEF COMPUTER HISTORY
The computer as we know it today had its beginning with a 19th-century English mathematics professor name Charles Babbage.
He designed the Analytical Engine and it was this design that the basic framework of the computers of today is based on.
Generally speaking, computers can be classified into three generations. Each generation lasted for a certain period of time and each gave us either a new and improved computer or an improvement to the existing computer.
First-generation
1937 – 1946 - In 1937 the first electronic digital computer was built by Dr. John V. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry. It was called the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC). In 1943 an electronic computer name the Colossus was built for the military. Other developments continued until in 1946 the first general-purpose digital computer, the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) were built. It is said that this computer weighed 30 tons, and had 18,000 vacuum tubes that were used for processing. When this computer was turned on for the first time lights dim in sections of Philadelphia. Computers of this generation could only perform a single tasks, and they had no operating system.
Second generation:
1947 – 1962 - This generation of computers used transistors instead of vacuum tubes which were more reliable. In 1951 the first computer for commercial use was introduced to the public; the Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC 1). In 1953 the International Business Machine (IBM) 650 and 700 series computers made their mark in the computer world. During this generation of computers over 100 computer programming languages were developed, computers had memory and operating systems. Storage media such as tape and disk were in use also were printers for output.
Third generation:
1963 - present - The invention of the integrated circuit brought us the third generation of computers. With this invention, the computer became smaller, more powerful more reliable and they are able to run many different programs at the same time. In1980 Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-Dos) was born and in 1981 IBM introduced the personal computer (PC) for home and office use. Three years later Apple gave us the Macintosh computer with its icon-driven interface and the 90s gave us a Windows operating system.
Fourth generation:
The fourth generation of the computer has lasted from 1971 and to this day. The integrated circuits became even smaller (can you imagine that), small enough to mount thousands of them on a silicon chip. This chip was now responsible for everything: from memory and central processing unit to input and output. In 1981, IBM created its first home computer. Three years later, Apple came up with its Macintosh. The microprocessors transcended the realm of personal computers (PCs) and were integrated into other everyday products. With the newfound power and popularity of PCs, it became possible to create networks between them. This eventually led to the creation of the Internet. With the fourth generation, the age of the mouse, graphical user interface, commonly known as GUI and portable devices also came to our world.
Fifth-generation:
Fifth-generation relies on the use of AI. As it is still being developed, we cannot fully close the previous chapter and move to the next one. However, the development of technology has become so much faster in recent years. Who knows, maybe in a few years, we will have a fully functioning computer running on AI.
As a result of the various improvements to the development of the computer, we have seen the computer being used in all areas of life. It is a very useful tool that will continue to experience new development as time passes.
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